Scientific inquiry
Scientific method, hypotheses, variables, controls
Data collection, graphing, and analysis
Lab safety and the microscope
Characteristics of living things
Organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, response, adaptation
Chemistry of life
Atoms, ions, and bonds
Properties of water
pH, acids, bases, and buffers
Carbon compounds
Macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Monomers and polymers; dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
Enzymes
Active site and substrate
Factors affecting enzyme activity (temperature, pH, concentration)
Activation energy
Cell theory and types of cells
Prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic
Plant vs. animal cells
Organelles and their functions
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Fluid mosaic model
Passive transport: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
Active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis
Cell specialization and organization
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
ATP and energy transfer
Photosynthesis
Light-dependent reactions
Calvin cycle
Factors affecting the rate
Cellular respiration
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
Aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration
Fermentation (lactic acid and alcoholic)
Energy flow between photosynthesis and respiration
