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AP Calculus AB
Unit 1: Limits and Continuity (10-12% of exam)
Introducing calculus Change in tandem Rates of change and the tangent line idea
Limits Defining limits and limit notation Estimating limits from graphs and tables One-sided limits Properties of limits
Algebraic techniques Direct substitution Factoring, rationalizing, and simplifying Squeeze Theorem
Infinite limits Vertical asymptotes Limits at infinity and horizontal asymptotes
Continuity Types of discontinuities (removable, jump, infinite) Removing discontinuities Connecting limits and continuity Intermediate Value Theorem
Unit 2: Differentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties (10-12%)
Definition of the derivative Average vs. instantaneous rate of change Limit definition of the derivative Derivative notation Differentiability and continuity
Basic rules Power, constant, sum, and difference rules Derivatives of sin x, cos x, e^x, and ln xProduct rule Quotient rule Derivatives of tan x, cot x, sec x, csc x
Tangent lines Equations of tangent and normal lines
Unit 3: Differentiation: Composite, Implicit, and Inverse Functions (9-13%)
Chain rule
Implicit differentiation
Inverse functions Derivatives of inverse functions Derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions
Higher-order derivatives
Selecting procedures for calculating derivatives
Logarithmic differentiation (optional technique)
Unit 4: Contextual Applications of Differentiation (10-15%)
Interpreting the derivative in context Meaning of f'(x) and units Straight-line motion: position, velocity, acceleration
Rates of change Rates of change in applied contexts Related rates
Approximation Local linearity and linearization L’Hôpital’s Rule for indeterminate forms
Unit 5: Analytical Applications of Differentiation (15-18%)
Mean Value Theorem and Extreme Value Theorem
Critical points Increasing and decreasing intervals First Derivative Test
Concavity Points of inflection Second Derivative Test
Extrema Local and absolute extrema Candidates Test on closed intervals
Curve sketching Connecting f, f’, and f’’ Graphs of derivatives
Optimization problems
Implicit relations Behavior of implicit relations
Domain and range analysis using calculus
Unit 6: Integration and Accumulation of Change (17-20%)
Accumulation Exploring accumulation of change Riemann sums (left, right, midpoint, trapezoidal) Sigma notation and definite integral as a limit
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part 1: accumulation functions Part 2: evaluating definite integrals
Properties of definite integrals
Antiderivatives Indefinite integrals and basic rules Integrals of trig, exponential, and 1/x functions Integrals resulting in inverse trig functions
Integration techniques u-substitution (indefinite and definite)Integration by long division and completing the square
Initial value problems
Improper integrals (not tested in AB; BC only)
Unit 7: Differential Equations (6-12%)
Modeling situations with differential equations
Slope fields Sketching and reading slope fields Reasoning with slope fields
Separation of variables General and particular solutions Domain restrictions
Exponential models Growth and decay Rate proportional to the amount present
Unit 8: Applications of Integration (10-15%)
Average value of a function
Motion Position, velocity, and acceleration using integrals Displacement vs. total distance traveled
Accumulation in context Net change and rate in/out problems
Area Between curves (with respect to x and y)
Volume Cross sections of known shape Disc method Washer method